ABSTRACT
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) of transmission is designed as a Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN) transfer mode that supports a wide range of traffic classes with diverse flow characteristics. ATM guarantees different quality of service (QoS) demands placed on a network by different services (traffic types). The above powerful feats could be well achieved in ATM network with the application of an efficient and effective network resource management system. This thesis therefore, focused on the application of Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP) in the management of ATM network resources.
In this thesis, ATM network resource management system is modelled using CMIP principle. The management system was applied in the allocation of network bandwidth on a real-time basis. The performance of the system was analysed and considered satisfactory.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 BACKGROUND
Since 1970s, some of the network management functions have been emphasized more than others and the tools have evolved from manual and standalone tools to sophisticated knowledge based integrated system. The methods and tools in network management have evolved in four stages.
In 1970s, the main focus was on fault management (terminals unable to logon,
modem problems, and communication line problems) for small (a few hundred devices) networks.
The faults were managed through a “problem control desk” which receives customer calls, records the problems and dispatches them to technicians that will diagnose and correct the problems [1]. The technicians used manual procedure and system display commands, and ran diagnosis on the equipments. Most diagnostic tools then were primitive and stand-alone. An example of a more sophisticated tool in this stage is IBM’s NCCF/NPDA (Network central Control facility / Network problem determination Aid) which was introduced to diagnose SNA Networks.There was little interoperability among management systems provided by different manufacturers. [2] In 1980s Network management were developed for homogenous (single) vendor, medium sized (few thousand devices) networks. The existing network diagnostic tools are integrated with network monitoring and control tools into network management system (NMSs). Monitoring involves determining the status and processing characteristics currently associated with the different physical and logical components of the network [3].The first management system known as Net View was introduced by IBM in 1986. Net View integrated many of the network diagnostics and control tools developed in the 1970 and early 1980s into a single package. NMS like DEC’s EMA, AT and T’s starkeeper, and Avant – Garde’s Net command have also been developed.
In 1990s NMSs’ development focused on managing bigger Networks (internetwork) for thousands of devices connected over thousands of lines which may cross international boundaries. In most cases, the human network managers cannot see the device being diagnosed and the type and manufacture of a device is not known. Due
to the complexity and size of networks being managed, this stage has witnessed development in three areas [4]:
The growth of network management standard.
The evolution of “enterprise management systems” which integrate individual network management systems for large heterogeneous environments.
The increased utilization of expert systems and database technologies in network and enterprise management.
In 2000s the focus of Network management shifted to distributed system management where all system resources are managed through a platform. The main area of work is management of internet and the web resources. The focus is on enterprise management system that coordinates various other nature managers for managing large heterogeneous network environment. The next generation of management tools is appearing as Expert Support System (ESS) and Decision Support Systems (DSS) to support the network planning, installation, maintenance and performance activities. These systems are exploiting the advances and database technologies and software engineering for large and complex network management and enterprise management systems [5].
An ATM network is used as a multi-service network to integrate different services like voice, music, telephony and video over a single network. Such multi-device network realises its function by employing network resource allocation system that ensures that each service is offered with standard (QoS). This is achieved not minding that each service has a contradicting demand on the network resource [6].
The ATM network resources include [7]:
set of VP and VC identifiers (VPI and VCI) to identify connections;
Bandwidth available on the Transmission Paths;
Buffer space evaluated in number of cells either internally (in switch fabric)
or externally (outside switch fabric transmission buffer).
Having underscored bandwidth as one of the basic resources in an ATM network, there is need for effective bandwidth allocation strategy. Efficient allocation and management of bandwidth ensures the following [8]:
Optimization of bandwidth utilization to enable networks run at its maximum capacity and thereby increasing network revenue generation.
As new applications emerge and new networking equipment is deployed, network bandwidth management controls flow of traffic in the network during transitions.
The main network management standards are common management information protocol (CMIP) by ISO/OSI and simple Network management protocol (SNMP) for TCP/IP based network [9]. This network favours CMIP. Most network management systems are realised using SNMP protocol.
Performance management system assists the operator to effectively monitor and control the network. The main goal for the operator is to manage the network in a cost effective way and still retain the services’ QoS. This project, therefore, focused on the application of bandwidth resource allocation technique in the ATM Network in the Common Management Information Protocol Environment.
1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT
The management of modern telecommunication networks like ATM Networks is growing in complexity due to increased Network versatility and connectivity. Losses associated with bandwidth allocation increases as the traffic increases. The need for a sophisticated management protocol to handle this problem arises. CMIP will perform bandwidth allocation to avoid losses associated with it.
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE WORK
The aims of carrying out this study include:
The application of CMIP on ATM resource management technique
To use CMIP to allocate resources to minimize call drop
This work will be useful in any organisation that implements ATM network where it is required to solve problems associated with improper bandwidth utilization. It can also be applied in other types of network to allocate resources.
1.3 SCOPE OF THE WORK
This work is limited to ATM network bandwidth resource allocation for data, voice and video services. The function of bandwidth allocation is realised using Common Management Information Protocol. The analysis of the allocation system is based on the computer simulation of the model.
1.4 METHODOLOGY
The following steps were taken in order to realise this project.
1. literature review / review of related works
2. Model development
3. Model simulation in MATLAB Environment
4. Model Result Analysis
1.5 ORGANISATION OF THE WORK The remaining part of this work is organized in chapters as follows: Chapter Two presents an overview of ATM Network and its QOS and performance parameters. Network management, management functions, network management protocol with detailed explanation in CMIP and review of network performance management. Related works are also reviewed and documented. Chapter Three presented models and simulation of CMIP protocol on ATM. Chapter Four presents the simulation, results and analysis. Chapter Five presented the recommendations and conclusions.
This material content is developed to serve as a GUIDE for students to conduct academic research
APPLICATION OF COMMON MANAGEMENT INFORMATION PROTOCOL (CMIP) IN ATM NETWORK BANDWIDTH ALLOCATION SYSTEM
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