CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Handover is a process to reroute the call to a new station that requires network resources. It occurs when a mobile station moves beyond the radio range of one access point (AP) to another AP. During the handoff, management frames are exchanged between the AP and the stations. APs involved may exchange certain context information specific to the station. Consequently, there is latency involved in the handoff process during which the station is unable to send or receive traffic [1].
ATM Network handoff latency is solved using various techniques. These techniques find out all the adjacent access points having better signal strength by selective scanning technique. In this scanning technique, the mobile host will find all the active APs by using received signal strength indicator. After the scanning process, the mobile station will start the authentication and re-association process to register all the mobile station with the selected APs [2].
According to the B-ISDN standard, to scan the channels for APs, there are two methods- passive and active. Passive scanning involves scanning which is performed manually and active scanning involves active determination of each channel status. Once the best Access Point is identified; the mobile station authenticates and re-associates with the new AP.
The MAC specification allows for two operating modes namely, the ad hoc and the infrastructure mode. In the ad hoc mode, two or more wireless stations recognize each other and establish a peer to peer communication, whereas in infra-structure mode there is a fixed entity called an access point.
This report analysed various handover schemes in ATM and other networks and came up with an optimized system.
1.2 Problem statement
Modern telecommunication networks like ATM Networks are growing in complexity due to increased Network versatility and connectivity. Losses associated with handover increases as the mobility increases. User mobility in mobile wireless networks always suffers fluctuation/unavailability of network resources due to congestion. This leads to inefficient or low utilization of network resources. The need for a sophisticated resource reservation scheme to handle this problem arises. The aim of this research is to develop a system that employs the use of dynamic resource reservation with buffering technique for handoff calls to address this problem.
1.3 Objective of the work
The aims of carrying out this study include:
To develop an ATM resource reservation for handover.
To allocate resources to minimize call drop.
To guarantee user mobility.
1.4 Significance of the Study
The issue of appropriateness of the traffic models employed in a real-time network, as well as their suitability in a dynamic scenario is imperative to the overall performance of an ATM network. This research work will help to develop a good ATM resources reservation scheme to provide the associated QoS on an ATM network.
1.5 Scope of the work
There are many causes of call drops in ATM Network like power failure, irregular user behaviour, inadequate resource allocation, improper handoff and propagation condition. This work handled call drops as a result of improper handoff and inadequate resource allocation. The ATM resource in question is bandwidth. This work is limited to ATM network bandwidth allocation and reservation for voice services. The analysis of the allocation system is based on the computer simulation of the model.
1.6 Methodology
The following steps were taken in order to realise this project.
1. literature review / review of related works
2. Model development
3. Model simulation in MATLAB Environment
4. Model Result Analysis
1.7 Organisation of the work
The remaining parts of this work was organized in chapters as follows: Chapter two presented an overview of ATM network and a review of other people’s work on resource reservation. Chapter three discussed the process modelling. Chapter four showed the results and findings. In chapter five conclusions were drawn.
This material content is developed to serve as a GUIDE for students to conduct academic research
DEVELOPMENT OF A DYNAMIC ATM HANDOVER RESOURCE RESERVATION SYSTEM
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