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THE PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES OF ENUGU STATE WASTE MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY (ESWAMA)

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ABSTRACT

The research focuses on prospects and challenges of Enugu State Waste Management Authority (ESWAMA). The objective of this study include; to identify  the  challenges  encountered  by  ESWAMA  in  managing  waste;  to evaluate the waste disposal systems of ESWAMA; and to identify the prospects from waste management. Primary and secondary sources of data were used. The population of the study was 209, from which the sample size of 137 was determined using Taro Yamani’s formula. The research instruments used were questionnaire and interview. Chi- square was used to test the hypotheses. The findings from the study reveals that; poor management and insufficient waste disposal facilities are the challenges encountered by ESWAMA in managing waste   in   Enugu;   hog   feeding,   open   dumping,   incineration,   resources recovering, composition and phrolysis are the waste disposal systems of ESWAMA; environmental protection and preservation are the prospects from waste management. Based on the findings, the researcher recommends that; ESWAMA  need to make every effort to safeguard the environment and reduce the hazardous effect which unhealthy environment can cause to individuals and society at large; abattoirs should be supervised by health sanitary inspectors; sensitization programs organized by the government through ESWAMA should be pronounced  to reach the grass root in order to secure and preserve the environment; finally, the time for refuse collection should be change to night, this will  prevent air pollution during the day.

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION

1.1       BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Solid waste management in Nigeria and Enugu State is a fundamental issue that must be addressed in order to achieve success. The problem of solid waste management is the   deficient   of   appropriate   and   adequate   policies   plain   legislation,   and   an environmentally  stimulated  and enlightens the public.  Government  policies  on the environment   are  piecemeal  where  they  exist   and  poorly  implemented.   Public enlightenment  programs  lacked  the  needed  coverage,  intensity  and  continuity  to correct a pathetic attitude towards the environment. Up to now, the activities of the environmental authorities have been hampered by poor funding, inadequate facilities and  human  resources,  inappropriate  technology  and  inequitable  taxation  system. Successful solid  waste management in Nigeria requires a holistic program that will integrate all the technical, economical, social cultural and psychological factors that are often ignored in solid waste management exercise.

At  this  junction,  management  of  solid  and  liquid  waste  in  Enugu  State  through ensuring a clean and sustainable environment for the good health and well-being of people of the State, and to achieve this, commitment to the state is ensured.

According to the Standard English Dictionary, waste is that material which is useless; thrown away because it is not wanted”. Waste can also be described as a substance produced  in our daily (consumption,  recreational, production and  living) activities, which is unwanted and no longer useful to man (Federal  Ministry of Housing and Environment  of Nigeria  Monograph  series  No  2,  (1983).  The  substance  must  be handled  and disposed of with care, so that it  does not constitute danger  to public health. Waste however could be said to relative especially in the manufacturing and production sector.

In this sector, what is regarded as waste by certain groups may become premium raw material to another group? There is therefore a clear need for the current approach of waste disposal that is focused on municipalities and uses high energy/high technology

to move towards waste processing and waste recycling (this involves public-private partnerships, aiming for eventual waste minimization and prevention of the harmful effect  of  waste  on  man  and  the  environment).  The  system  of  waste  salvaging, reclamation or recycling though objectionable and often economically unsound, is fast gaining ground (Eze DM1995).

Environmental  sanitation  is  perhaps  the  most  obvious  element  in  environmental management  but  is  certainly  not  the  most  important.  Its  significance  lies  in  it’s effectiveness in raising and maintaining an environment, healthy and hygienic for the needs  and  standards  of  the  present  (Sada  and  Odenmerho  1989).  Solid  waste generation and its management has become a  major issue in urban areas especially Enugu  because  of increasing  gap between  the prolific level of generation and the limited technology and capacity of evacuation. Mark Holies in (Satellite Newspaper of September 5, 1991) states  that “a clean environment  is considered important by many Nigerians and this is the pillar for governments’ primary program on the need to achieve health for all by the year 2000 together with the world health. There are still lapses here and there. The objective gave rise to the need for environmental sanitation and its importance to human existence as illness is no respecter of persons”.

The  need  for  a  healthful  environment  is  common  to  all  peoples,  it  cuts  across boundaries of occupation, class and politics, it differs from neighborhood  and from region to region; it differs not only in fundamental but in complexity.  Apparently, some of those environmental problems could be solved by providing a standard refuse disposal and drainage method.

1.2       STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

In Enugu and many urban and rural centers in Nigeria, the management and procedure of  waste  disposal  have  been  ineffective.  Hence  wastes  are  often  indiscriminately dumped in open plots of land and particularly along roads and streets. Some affected streets may be impassable for several weeks or months as a consequence. The whole people living around the area can hardly stay comfortably in their houses. All the people in the area are exposed to and may be affected by any type of disease the mess might cause. Those living very close are  the most affected and most vulnerable to these disease such as cholera, typhoid, malaria, etc.   Thus, the study focuses on the prospects and challenges of Enugu State waste Management Authority.

1.3       OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The specific objectives of the study include the following:

1.        To identify the challenges encountered by ESWAMA in managing waste in

Enugu.

2.        To evaluate the waste disposal systems of ESWAMA

3.        To identify the prospects from waste management.

1.4       RESEARCH QUESTIONS

The study poses the following research questions:

        What  are the challenges  encountered  by ESWAMA  in Managing  waste in

Enugu?

        What are the waste disposal systems of ESWAMA?

        What are the prospects from waste Management?

1.5       RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

For the purpose of the study, the following research hypotheses were formulated.

1.Ho:Poor  management  and  insufficient  waste  disposal  facilities  are  not   challenges encountered by ESWAMA in managing waste in Enugu.
 Hi:Poor  management  and  insufficient  waste  disposal  facilities  are  the   challenges encountered by ESWAMA in managing waste in Enugu.
2.Ho:Hog   feeding,   open   dumping,   incineration,   resources   recovering,   composition, and phrolysis are not the disposal systems of ESWAMA.
 Hi:Hog   feeding,   open   dumping,   incineration,   resources   recovering,   composition, and phrolysis are the disposal systems of ESWAMA.
3.Ho:Environmental protection and preservation are not the prospects from   waste management.
 Hi:Environmental  protection  and  preservation  are  the  prospects  from
  waste management.

1.6       SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The  research   focuses  on  the  challenges   encountered   by  Enugu   State   Waste Management  Authority (ESWAMA)  in managing  waste  in Enugu,  waste  disposal system of ESWAMA and prospects from waste management.

1.7      LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The major constraints of the study include the following;

Time Constraint:

Due  to  limited  time  given  for  the  study,  the  researcher  could  not  get  all  the information needed for the study.

Financial Constraint:

The researcher has not got enough money to embark on the study. Due to financial hurdles, the researcher could not visit places where information relevant to the study could be obtained.

Attitude of the Respondents:

Some of the respondents showed negative attitude towards the study because they felt that they have no financial gain from the study.

1.7       SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study is significant in a number of ways:

           It will help organizations to know about waste disposal systems for  healthy environment.

           It will assist future students to read and know much about waste, and how the waste should be put into use.

           It will also serve  as a reference  base for future researchers  in the field  of environmental management as well as business and management.

1.8       DEFINITION OF TERMS Sewage

Waste  substances  that  are  produced  by human  body,  that  are  carried  away  from houses and factories through special pipes.

Solid Waste

Solid waste is classified into garbage and rubbish. Garbage is putrefied waste  fond such as meat, fish, fruits, vegetables, etc. While rubbish is non-perishable waste that is either  combustible  such  as  paper,  carton,  wood,  clothes,  polythene,  iron,  glasses ceramics etc.

Gaseous Waste

These are waste generated from the house holds domestics activities and  industrial site which are gaseous in nature. Gaseous wastes include the following: sulphide (s), carbon dioxide (ion) carbon moxide to mention but a few.

Hazardous Waste

There are many by- product that can fit into hazardous waste. Therefore, they can be classified as (a) Radioactive substances, (b) chemical (c) biological (d) flammable and explosives


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THE PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES OF ENUGU STATE WASTE MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY (ESWAMA)

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